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- Solubility Rules
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| The solubility of ionic compounds in aqueous
solutions is wide and varied. Some compounds are highly soluble
(e.g. NaCl), some compounds are moderately soluble (e.g. SnI2)
and some compounds are highly insoluble (e.g., AgCl). Determining
which compounds are soluble and not soluble in a water medium
is not a simple task. However, a set of rules that help in this
regard can be stated. These rules are known as "solubility
rules". Below is a set of solubility rules. |
|
Soluble Compounds |
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Exceptions |
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Almost all salts of of Na+, K+ and NH4+ |
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| All salts of Cl-, Br- and
I- |
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| Halides of Ag+, Hg2
+ and Pb2+ |
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| Flourides of Mg 2+, Ca 2+,
Sr 2+, Ba 2+, Pb 2+ |
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- Salts of nitrate, NO -3,
- Chlorate, ClO3 -
- perchlorate, ClO4 -
- acetate, CH3CO2 -
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| Sulfates of Sr 2+, Ba
2+, Pb 2+ |
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Insoluble Compounds |
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Exceptions |
- All salts of :
- carbonate, CO3 2-
- phosphate, PO4 3-
- oxalate, C2O4 2-
- chromate, CrO4 2-
- sulfide, S 2-
- most metal hydroxides and
- oxides (OH-)
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| Salts of NH4 +, and the alkali
metal cations |
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